Low Frequency (Conductivity)

The following table contains values for the electrical conductivity for frequencies up to 1 MHz for all tissues, including statistical information on the standard deviation and the spread in the values. The low frequency parameters are based on a combination of the Gabriel dispersion relations¹ and a review of the available literature.

Note: The inclusion of new publications, and in particular diffusion tensor image data, leads to substantial changes in several tissue properties (up to factor 2 higher conductivity for several tissues). Noteworthy changes that have occurred can be viewed here.

Mixed: Includes all studies (Across, Along), independent of the measured direction.

Skin: It has been reported that the conductivity of the skin significantly impacts the dosimetric assessment at low frequencies. The values for skin conductivity presented here should be used with caution.

'Conductivity (S/m)'	d.D3	d.E3	"Sample Size"	d.G3	d.H3
d['B'+r]	isNaN(parseFloat(d['D'+r])) ? '' : sprintf('%.2E',d['D'+r])	isNaN(parseFloat(d['E'+r])) ? '' : sprintf('%.2E',d['E'+r])	isNaN(parseFloat(d['F'+r])) ? '' : sprintf('%i',d['F'+r])	isNaN(parseFloat(d['G'+r])) ? '' : sprintf('%.2E',d['G'+r])	isNaN(parseFloat(d['H'+r])) ? '' : sprintf('%.2E',d['H'+r])

¹C. Gabriel. Compilation of the Dielectric Properties of Body Tissues at RF and Microwave Frequencies, Report N.AL/OE-TR- 1996-0037, Occupational and environmental health directorate, Radiofrequency Radiation Division, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas (USA), 1996.