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Mark Douglas

Mark G. Douglas

PhD, Project Leader

Certification Research

Mark Douglas is a researcher and manager in the field of electro-magnetics with over 15 years experience in radiofrequency dosimetry, electromagnetic modeling, and antenna design. Mark joined the IT'IS Foundation in 2009 as a Project Leader.

Mark’s research work has resulted in over 40 papers for scientific conferences and peer-reviewed journals. He also holds 5 patents. Mark earned his bachelor’s degree from the University of Victoria (Canada), his master’s degree from the University of Calgary (Canada), and his PhD degree from the University of Victoria, all in electrical engineering.

His doctoral dissertation concerned the use and development of numerical modeling to study the electromagnetic interaction between handheld wireless devices and the user. Mark has also taught graduate-level courses in optimization and mobile communications.

From 2002 to 2009, Mark was an engineering manager in the Corporate Electromagnetic Energy (EME) Research Laboratory at Motorola, where he led advancements in radiofrequency dosimetry research and testing. Mark’s research included the development of fast algorithms and predictive techniques that considerably reduced the time and cost of dosimetry testing of wireless products. His research also involved computational electromagnetic modeling to develop and improve international measurement standards.

Before joining Motorola, Mark was a Senior Technical Leader with the Antenna Development Group at Ericsson. In this capacity, Mark designed, optimized, and tested antennas for wireless handsets. He also built an electromagnetic testing laboratory, for which he successfully obtained ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation. Mark developed computational electromagnetic modeling capabilities at Ericsson and conducted research.

Mark is an active contributor to international standards on the assessment of radiofrequency electromagnetic energy for compliance with exposure standards. He is a co-chair of the IEEE International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety, Technical Committee 34. He is also an active contributor to three standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission, including IEC SC 62B / JWG 1 “Requirements for the safety and compatibility of magnetic resonance imaging for patients with an active implantable medical device.”

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PUBLICATION LIST

Peer-reviewed articles

Bujard, C., Neufeld, E., Douglas, M., Wiart, J. & Kuster, N. A Gaussian process based approach for validation of multi-variable measurement systems: Application to SAR measurement systems. IEEE Access, 12:60404-60424, 2024, doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3393778

Douglas, M. & Kuster, N. Comment on Liu et al. “Discrepancies of Measured SAR between Traditional and Fast Measuring Systems.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2020, 17, 2111. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14):5045, 2020, doi:10.3390/ijerph17145045

Liorni, I., Parazzini, M., Fiocchi, S., Douglas, M., Capstick, M., Kuster, N. & Ravazzani, P. Computational Assessment of Pregnant Woman Models Exposed to Uniform ELF- Magnetic Fields: Compliance with the European Current Exposure Regulations for the General Public and Occupational Exposures at 50 Hz. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 172(4):382-392, 2016

De Santis, V., Douglas, M., Nadakuduti, J., Benkler, S., Chen, X.L. & Kuster, N. Human Exposure from Pulsed Magnetic Field Therapy Mats: A Numerical Case Study with 3 Commercial Products. Bioelectromagnetics, 36(2):149-161, 2015

Nadakuduti, J., Douglas, M., Lu, L., Christ, A., Guckian, P. & Kuster, N. Compliance Testing Methodology for Wireless Power Transfer Systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30(11):6264-6273, 2015

Cabot, E., Lloyd, T., Christ, A., Kainz, W., Douglas, M., Stenzel, G., Wedan, S. & Kuster, N. Evaluation of the RF Heating of a Generic Deep Brain Stimulator System Exposed in 1.5T Magnetic Resonance Scanners. Bioelectromagnetics, 34(2):104-113, 2013, doi:10.1002/bem.21745

Christ, A., Douglas, M., Nadakuduti, J. & Kuster, N. Assessing Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields from Wireless Power Transmission Systems. Proceedings of the IEEE, 101(6):1482-1493, 2013, doi:10.1109/JPROC.2013.2245851

Christ, A., Douglas, M., Roman, J., Cooper, E., Sample, A., Smith, J., Waters, B. & Kuster, N. Evaluation of Wireless Resonant Power Transfer Systems with Human Electromagnetic Exposure Limits. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 55(2):265-274, 2013, doi:10.1109/TEMC.2012.2219870

Li, C.H., Douglas, M., Ofli, E., Chavannes, N., Balzano, Q. & Kuster, N. Mechanisms of RF Electromagnetic Field Absorption in Human Hands and Fingers. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 60(7):2267-2276, 2012, doi:10.1109/TMTT.2012.2197019

Li, C.H., Douglas, M., Ofli, E., Derat, B., Gabriel, S., Chavannes, N. & Kuster, N. Influence of the Hand on the Specific Absorption Rate in the Head. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 60(2):1066-1074, 2012, doi:10.1109/TAP.2011.2173102

Nadakuduti, J., Douglas, M., Capstick, M., Kühn, S. & Kuster, N. Application of an Induced Field Sensor for Assessment of Electromagnetic Exposure From Compact Fluorescent Lamps. Bioelectromagnetics, 33(2):166-175, 2012, doi:10.1002/bem.20696

Nadakuduti, J., Douglas, M., Capstick, M., Kühn, S. & Kuster, N. Application of an induced field sensor for assessment of electromagnetic exposure from compact fluorescent lamps. Bioelectromagnetics, 33(2):166-175, 2012, doi:10.1002/bem.20696

Nadakuduti, J., Kühn, S., Fehr, M., Douglas, M., Pokovic, K. & Kuster, N. The Effect of Diode Response of Electromagnetic Field Probes for the Measurements of Complex Signals. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 54(6):1195-1204, 2012, doi:10.1109/TEMC.2012.2201160

Douglas, M., Kanda, M., Luengas, W., Ballen, M., Babij, T. & Chou, C.K. An Algorithm for Predicting the Change in SAR in a Human Phantom Due to Deviations in Its Complex Permittivity. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 51(2):570-583, 2009, doi:10.1109/TEMC.2008.2011994

Preprint articles

Bujard, C., Neufeld, E., Douglas, M., Wiart, J. & Kuster, N. A Gaussian-Process-Interpolation-Model-Based Approach for Robust, Independent, and Implementation-Agnostic Validation of Complex Multi-Variable Measurement Systems: Application to SAR Measurement Systems. arXiv, 2022, doi:10.48550/ARXIV.2211.12907

Conference proceedings

Bujard, C., Douglas, M., Jain, N., Neufeld, E., Wiart, J. & Kuster, N. Evaluation of complex measurement systems using a Gaussian process interpolation approach. In Proceedings of the URSI-GASS 2023 XXXVth General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science, Sapporo, JP, August 19–26, 2023, pages 1-4, IEEE, doi:10.23919/URSIGASS57860.2023.10265367

Douglas, M., Jain, N., Kochali, B. & Kuster, N. Electromagnetic Exposure from Wireless Devices as Function of Distance. In Proceedings of the URSI-GASS 2023 XXXVth General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science, Sapporo, JP, August 19–26, 2023, pages 1-3, IEEE, doi:10.23919/URSIGASS57860.2023.10265439

Douglas, M., Pfeifer, S., Kühn, S., Neufeld, E., Pokovic, K., Carrasco, E., Samaras, T., Christ, A., Capstick, M. & Kuster, N. Solutions for EM Exposure Assessment of 5G Wireless Devices. In Proceedings of the 2018 Joint IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility and Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (2018 Joint IEEE EMC and APEMC), Singapore, May 14-17, 2018

Douglas, M., Portelli, L., Carrasco, E., Christ, A., Jain, N., Loader, B. & Kuster, N. Robust and Comprehensive Validation of SAR Array Systems: Antennas, Procedures, and Acceptance Criteria. In Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society (BEMS) and the European BioElectromagnetics Association (EBEA), Hangzhou, China, June 5- 9, 2017

Pokovic, K., Christ, A., Samaras, T., Douglas, M. & Kuster, N. Methods and Instrumentation for Reliable Experimental SAR Assessment at 6 GHz - 10 GHz. In Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society (BEMS) and the European BioElectromagnetics Association (EBEA), Hangzhou, China, June 5- 9, 2017

Douglas, M., Pokovic, K. & Kuster, N. Past, Present and Future of SAR Evaluations. In Proceedings of the 2016 URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference (URSI AP-RASC 2016), Seoul, South Korea, August 21-25, 2016

Douglas, M., Portelli, L., Carrasco, E., Christ, A., Jain, N. & Kuster, N. Comprehensive Validation and Uncertainty Evaluation of New SAR Measurement Technologies. In Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2016), Davos, Switzerland, April 11-15, 2016

Capstick, M., Gong, Y., Douglas, M. & Kuster, N. The Effect of Posture on ELF Exposure from Domestic and Power Transmission Sources. In Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society (BEMS) and the European BioElectromagnetics Association (EBEA), Monterey, June 14-19, 2015, pages 78

Douglas, M., Capstick, M., Kainz, W. & Kuster, N. Validation of Emerging Fast SAR Measurement Technologies. In Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society (BEMS) and the European BioElectromagnetics Association (EBEA), Monterey, June 14-19, 2015, pages 47

Kuster, N., Douglas, M., Christ, A., Crespo-Valero, P. & Pokovic, K. Novel Fast SAR Methods for Compliance Testing of Wireless Devices. In Proceedings of the 2014 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC'14), Tokyo, Japan, May 13-16, 2014, pages 76

Meyer, R., Douglas, M., Kühn, S., Pokovic, K. & Kuster, N. Novel Linearization of Dosimetric Sensors for Accurate Measurement of Complex Modulations. In Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society (BEMS) and the European BioElectromagnetics Association (EBEA), Cape Town, South Africa, June 08-13, 2014, pages 431-433

Christ, A., Douglas, M., Kainz, W. & Kuster, N. Standardized Methods for the Application of the FDTD Method in Numerical Dosimetry. In Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Gothenburg, Sweden, April 8-12, 2013, pages 1974-1977

Douglas, M., Bachmann, C., Aeschbacher, A., Ichsanow, A. & Kuster, N. Improved Estimation of SAR in the Head of Mobile Phone Users due to the Hand. In Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society (BEMS) and the European BioElectromagnetics Association (EBEA), Thessaloniki, Greece, June 10-14, 2013

Douglas, M., De Santis, V., Capstick, M. & Kuster, N. Development of Procedures and Instrumentation for Demonstration of Worker's EM Safety. In Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society (BEMS) and the European BioElectromagnetics Association (EBEA), Thessaloniki, Greece, June 10-14, 2013

Liorni, I., Parazzini, M., Fiocchi, S., De Santis, V., Douglas, M., Gosselin, M.C., Kuster, N. & Ravazzani, P. Exposure of High Resolution Fetuses in Advanced Pregnant Woman Models at Different Stages of Pregnancy to Uniform Magnetic Fields at the Frequency of 50 Hz. In Proceeding of the 35th Annual International IEEE EMBS Conference, Osaka, Japan, July 3-7, 2013

Liorni, I., Parazzini, M., Fiocchi, S., De Santis, V., Douglas, M., Gosselin, M.C., Kuster, N. & Ravazzani, P. Exposure of Woman Models at Different Stages of Pregnancy to Uniform Magnetic Fields at 50 Hz. In Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society (BEMS) and the European BioElectromagnetics Association (EBEA), Thessaloniki, Greece, June 10-14, 2013

De Santis, V., Chen, X.L., Douglas, M. & Kuster, N. Impact of the Skin Conductivity and Displacement Currents on ELF Numerical Dosimetry. In Proceedings of the EMC Europe 2012, Rome, Italy, September 17-21, 2012, doi:10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237818

De Santis, V., Chen, X.L., Douglas, M. & Kuster, N. Impact of the Skin Conductivity and Displacement Currents on ELF Numerical Dosimetry. In Proceedings of the 2012 Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Singapore, May 21-24, 2012, doi:10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237818

De Santis, V., Chen, X.L., Douglas, M. & Kuster, N. Issues of ICNIRP Guidelines when Determining Compliance with LF Exposure Limits. In Proceedings of the EMC Europe 2012, Rome, Italy, September 17-21, 2012, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/APEMC.2012.6237818

De Santis, V., Douglas, M., Nadakuduti, J., Benkler, S. & Kuster, N. Exposure Evaluation of Therapeutic Magnetic Field Mats. In Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of Bioelectromagnetics Society, Brisbane, Australia, June 17-22, 2012

De Santis, V., Douglas, M., Nadakuduti, J., Benkler, S. & Kuster, N. Improved Assessment of Compliance with Electromagnetic Exposure Limits up to 100 kHz. In Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of Bioelectromagnetics Society, Brisbane, Australia, June 17-22, 2012

Nadakuduti, J., Douglas, M. & Kuster, N. EM Exposure Assessment of Wireless Power Charging Systems. In Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of Bioelectromagnetics Society, Brisbane, Australia, June 17-22, 2012

Cabot, E., Lloyd, T., Christ, A., Kainz, W., Douglas, M., Stenzel, G., Wedan, S. & Kuster, N. MRI Safety Assessment of a Generic Deep Brain Stimulator. In Proceedings of the General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of International Union of Radio Science, Istanbul, Turkey, August 13-20, 2011

Christ, A., Douglas, M., Roman, J., Cooper, E., Sample, A., Smith, J. & Kuster, N. Numerical Electromagnetic Analysis of Human Exposure for Wireless Power Transfer Systems. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference of the European Bioelectromagnetics Association, Rome, Italy, February 21-24, 2011

Derat, B., Gabriel, S., Douglas, M. & Kuster, N. A Measurement Interlab for Investigating the Hand Effect on Head SAR. In Proceedings of the Loughorough Antennas and Propagation Conference 2011, Loughborough, UK, November 14-15, 2011

Douglas, M., Gabriel, S., Bucher, C., Iliev, D., Kastrati, J., Leubler, C., Meili, M., Pokovic, K. & Kuster, N. Fast SAR Methods for Electromagnetic Exposure Evaluation of Wireless Devices. In Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Rome, Italy, April 11-15, 2011, pages 451-454

Douglas, M., Gabriel, S., Bucher, C., Iliev, D., Kastrati, J., Leubler, C., Meili, M., Pokovic, K. & Kuster, N. Specific Absorption Rate Measurement of Wireless Devices using Fast SAR Methods. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, Halifax, Canada, June 12-17, 2011

Douglas, M., Nadakuduti, J., Wild, M., Kühn, S., Capstick, M. & Kuster, N. A European Initiative to Develop Procedures and Instrumentation for Worker's Electromagnetic Safety (WEMS). In Proceedings of the General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of International Union of Radio Science, Istanbul, Turkey, August 13-20, 2011

Douglas, M., Nadakuduti, J., Wild, M., Kühn, S., Capstick, M. & Kuster, N. Worker Electromagnetic Safety (WEMS) project: overview and results. In Proceedings of the EMC Europe 2011 Conference, York, UK, September 26-30, 2011

Li, C.H., Douglas, M., Ofli, E., Chavannes, N. & Kuster, N. Absorption of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in the Hand due to Partial-Body Resonances. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, Halifax, Canada, June 12-17, 2011

Li, C.H., Douglas, M., Ofli, E., Derat, B. & Kuster, N. User's Hand Effect on the Specific Absorption Rate in the Head. In Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, Spokane, USA, July 3-9, 2011

Nadakuduti, J., Douglas, M., Crespo-Valero, P. & Kuster, N. Comparison of Different Safety Standards in Terms of Human Exposure to Electric and Magnetic Fields at 100 kHz. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, Halifax, Canada, June 12-17, 2011

Nadakuduti, J., Douglas, M., Wild, M., Kühn, S., Capstick, M. & Kuster, N. Exposure of Railway Workers to Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields. In Proceedings of the EMC Europe 2011 Conference, York, UK, September 26-30, 2011

Nadakuduti, J., Douglas, M., Wild, M., Kühn, S., Capstick, M. & Kuster, N. The Development of Novel Sensors for Assessment of Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields up to 10 MHz. In Proceedings of the EMC Europe 2011 Conference, York, UK, September 26-30, 2011

Nadakuduti, J., Fehr, M., Douglas, M., Kühn, S., Pokovic, K. & Kuster, N. CCDF Model for Predicting the Dosimetric Probe Response to Complex Modulation Communication Signals. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, Halifax, Canada, June 12-17, 2011

Douglas, M., Derat, B., Liao, X., Ofli, E., Kuster, N. & Li, C.H. Reliability of Specific Absorption Rate Measurements in the Head Using Standardized Hand Phantoms. In Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation 2010, Barcelona, Spain, April 12-16, 2010

Douglas, M., Kuster, N., Derat, B. & Ofli, E. Hand Phantom Models for the Assessment of SAR in the Head from Cellular Telephones. In Proceedings of the 2010 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Beijing, China, April 12-16, 2010, pages 385-388, doi:10.1109/APEMC.2010.5475648

Kyriakou, A., Christ, A., Neufeld, E., Cabot, E., Kühn, S., Douglas, M. & Kuster, N. Maximum Local Tissue Temperature Increase By Implanted Medical Devices Due To Electromagnetic Field Exposure. In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, Seoul, Korea, June 14-18, 2010

Kyriakou, A., Christ, A., Neufeld, E., Murbach, M., Cabot, E., Kühn, S., Douglas, M. & Kuster, N. Risk Assessment of Tissue Heating for Wearers of Medical Implants Exposed to Electromagnetic Fields. In Proceedings and Programme of the EMF Bordeaux Event (EBEA, COST and URSI 2010), Bordeaux, France, May 26-28, 2010

Li, C.H., Douglas, M., Ofli, E., Derat, B., Chavannes, N. & Kuster, N. Analysis of the Hand Effect on Head SAR with Generic and CAD Phone Models Using FDTD. In Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, Toronto, Canada, July 11-17, 2010, pages 4, doi:10.1109/APS.2010.5561909

Nadakuduti, J., Douglas, M., Capstick, M., Kühn, S., Benkler, S. & Kuster, N. A Novel Method to Assess Induced Current Density in the Body from EM Exposure Sources. In Proceedings and Programme of the EMF Bordeaux Event (EBEA, COST and URSI 2010), Bordeaux, France, May 26-28, 2010

Nadakuduti, J., Douglas, M., Capstick, M., Kühn, S., Benkler, S. & Kuster, N. EM Exposure Assessment of Energy-Saving Bulbs. In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, Seoul, Korea, June 14-18, 2010

Ofli, E., Douglas, M., Bomholt, F. & Kuster, N. Design Challenges for On-Body Transmitters Posed by OTA, SAR and HAC Requirements. In Proceedings of the STS International Conference on Communication Technologies, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, January 18-20, 2010